Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Core of basic research: Decipher the molecular mechanism of selective motor neuron damage, focus on mutations and abnormal aggregation of proteins such as SOD1, TDP-43, and FUS, and explore the synergistic pathogenic effects of oxidative stress, autophagic dysfunction, and neuroinflammation.
Core key proteins: SOD1 (superoxide dismutase 1, mutation causes oxidative stress), TDP-43/FUS (RNA-binding proteins with abnormal aggregation upon mutation), C9orf72 (gene amplification causes neuronal damage), ALS2/OPTN (autophagy-related proteins with functional abnormalities), p62/LC3 (autophagy markers reflecting autophagic function).